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USER GUIDE for Earthquake interactions (georesource geo-resource scale)
About the Service
Scientific Background
There is no consensus on the a-priori distance-time-size patterns pattern to be selected to relate a given earthquake to a given georesourcegeo-resource-reservoir exploitation (e.g. Gupta, 2002, Klose 2013, NRC, 2013). From On the one hand, some authors suggest , (on observational bases, ) a 30-50 km distance and 10-20 years times from time range observation of a reservoir to relate an earthquake to a given geo-resource « reservoir » (e.g. for a review Gupta, 2002, Klose 2013). These a-priori space-time windows question on any of the physics processes that may drive a constant triggering distance to an extended loading source (i.e. not a point source such as a lake surface , or hydrocarbon reservoir).
From On the other hand, there are evidences that the use of the absolute distance captures earthquake-earthquake triggering patterns (as aftershock-mainshock pair) that hide the key properties of the event interactions (e.g. Bak et al., 2002; Parsons and Velasco, 2009, Tahir et al., 2012, Tahir and Grasso, 2015, de Arcangelis et al., 2016).  For tectonic earthquake interactions, the size of the triggering zone is mapped by static stress perturbation. This later is estimated to be in the 1-3 L ranges range for aftershocks triggering (Parsons and Velasco 2009; Tahir et al., 2012; Tahir and Grasso, 2015). For the tectonic earthquake analysis ("L) " is the mainshock fault length as derived from magnitude scale (e.g. Wells and Coppersmith, 1994). In order to mimics mimic the earthquake interaction analysis, we choose   (L_r) the reservoir length (i.e. "geo-resource length" in the application inputs) as the equivalent of the mainshock fault length, . It reflects the characteristic dimension that drives the stress change pattern induced by georesource geo-resource productions (e.g. Gupta and Rastogi 1976, Bell and Nur, 1978, Roeloffs, 1988; Segall et al. 1994,  Deng Deng et al., 2010, Grasso et al., 2018).
This way, in the episodes and applications we uploaded on the platformL_r is the characteristic dimension the user defines from the geometry of the geo-resource production the user work with.
Therefore,, we propose to analyse analyze the triggering patterns around geo-resource production using 1-3-10L_r normalized distances to the georesource geo-resource "reservoir", respectively.  L_r is the characteristic dimension the user defines from the geometry of the georesource production the user work with. Furthermore the rate of aftershocks, whatever the definition  Furthermore, the aftershocks rate, however defined, provides information on the proportion of events event proportions directly driven by the geo-resource production and the one that are triggered by others earthquake other earthquakes (Helmstetter et al., 2002,  Traversa Traversa et Grasso 2008, De Arcangelis et al., 2016).
Application objectives
Anthropogenic seismicity rate and magnitude are analyzed using superposed epoch to extract mean field patterns that are more robust than a single serieseries. This application analyse aftershocks sequence analyses aftershock sequences in the  11-3L near field distances from the "reservoir". L is a proxy for georesource geo-resource dimension, being mine gallery width, reservoir length, etc..
Input data are time series from seismicity cataloguethe seismic catalog.
This application is important to quantify the mean field pattern of several aftershocks to that should be compared with regional  tectonic tectonic patterns.
Outputs as aftershock rate over time may be compare compared to outputs of application "Earthquake interactions - mainshock scale".
References:
- Tahir, M., J.-R. Grasso, and D. Amorese, (2012): The largest aftershock: How strong, how far away, how delayed? GRL Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L04301, doi:10.1029/2011GL050604.
Tahir, M., and J-R Grasso. , (2015):"Faulting style controls for the space–time aftershock patterns." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 105.5 (2015): 2480-2497.
De Arcangelis, L., Godano, C., Grasso JR., and E Lippillo. Lippiello, (2016): Statistical physics approach to earthquake occurrence and forecasting,  Physic Physic Reports, 628, 1-91.
Zaliapin, I., & and Ben‐Zion, Y. (2016). : Discriminating characteristics of tectonic and human‐induced seismicity. , Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 106(3), 846-859.
Grasso et al. 2018, Scaling of the impact of Reservoir impoundment seismicity in a slow tectonic setting, submitted BSSA (2017), J. R., Karimov, A., Amorese, D., Sue, C., & Voisin, C. (2018): Patterns of Reservoir‐Triggered Seismicity in a Low‐Seismicity Region of France, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108(5B), 2967-2982.

How to use the appapplication
After the User adds the Application into application to his/her personal workspace, the following window appear appears on the screen (Figure 1):

Figure 1. Input window of Seasonal Trend Earthquake interactions (geo-resource scale) application.
This service analyses aftershocks aftershock patterns around mainshock events within normalized distance to the trigger shock targets,  

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shock targets (L^*= L_real/(L_f(M)).
As For example, if : If mainshocks are selected as M2 events, L_f(MM2) is close to 100m. Then 100 m, then the 1-3L3 L^*  L distance distances to select aftershock aftershocks will correspond to
L_real= L1-3L_f(MM2) (i.e. L^*= 1 x 100 x 1 = 100 m, and 100x33 x 100 = 300 m, respectively).
The Accordingly, the user, when using 1-3 L3L^* distance to analyze near field triggering, will actually select earthquake earthquakes within 100-300 m range. The user choice as application Application inputs are M_m, and (ii) M_aft range for trigger triggering and triggered shocks, respectively. To increase the signal over -to-noise ratio, we use superposed epoch analysis. It corresponds to constrain the restriction of each time series after a given events event to a common t₀.
Outputs as aftershock rate over time may be compare compared to outputs of application "Earthquake interactions – geo- georesource resource scale"
. We recommend this same application to be run torun the latter mentioned application with the same selection criteria on tectonic seismicity.
The user is now requested to fill in the fields shown abovebelow:
1) Use Seismic catalog: The user may click on "select files" button in order to use a seismic catalog data among the ones that are already uploaded in his/her personal workspace.
2) Chosen Magnitude Column: The user may chose choose among different magnitude scales (e.g. M_L, M_W), in the Episodes where these scales are available.
3) Output file name prefix – File name for the output plot
4) Site name – Name of the site for which the episode is uploaded
5) Latitude range – Range of the event latitudes of events to be used for reshuffling analysis
6) Longitude range –Range of the longitude of events to be – Range of event longitudes used for reshuffling analysis
7) Depth range –Range of the depth of events to be – Range of event depths used for reshuffled analysis
8) Time range: Range of the time of events to be event times used for reshuffled analysis. The Here, the user can here select a time range to be analysed by clicking boxes.
9) Location of georesource geo-resource centre – The location of georesource geo-resource zone centre
10) Georesource Geo-resource length – Length of the georesource geo-resource zone
11) Relative distance – Relative distance to georesource geo-resource zone: n x (georesourcegeo-resource_length)
12) Mainshock magnitude range– range – Range of the magnitude of mainshocks to be mainshock magnitudes used for superposed epoch analysis
13) Aftershock magnitude range – Range of the magnitude of aftershocks to be aftershock magnitudes used for superposed epoch analysis
14) Bin size – Bin sizes for a given time period.
15) Window duration – Number of days before/after the time that is used for superposed epoch analysis
16) Operated well location – Operated Well well location. This is optional. User may enter as many as wellpossible wells (e.g. Injectioninjection, extraction, wastewater waste water).
Figure 2 shows default values used for Lacq hydrocarbon field.
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Figure 2. Default values for Lacq hydrocarbon field.
After defining the aforementioned parameters, the user shall click on the "Run" button and the calculations are performed. The Status changes from 'CREATED' through to 'RUNNING' and finally to 'FINISHED' and the . The output is created and plotted in the main window just below the "RUN" button. Also the output The result appears on in the left corner of the platform.
Figure 3 describes the outputs of Lacq field aftershock patterns.
It corresponds to seismicity rate in 6h window bins, 10 days before and after N=24 28 M3-3.5, 7 events. Mean seismicity rate value value values before and after are in shown as red and blue respectively. Thick and thin vertical blue bars are 1 and 2 sigma fluctuations corresponding the N synthetic series. It allows to estimates, 66 and 95 corresponding level respectively when real series overpass these thresholds.??? Need Anchor_GoBack_GoBack remove ?

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Figure 3. Lacq field aftershock analysis lines, respectively.
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Figure 3. Triggering pattern (Lacq gas field). The selected mainshocks (trigger shock) are M3-3.7 events,. The selected triggered shocks (aftershocks) are Mé.2-3.3 events. Results are displayed as stacked time series (top figure), and cross section, (middle figures) and map bottom figure.